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Civil Procedure • Venue
CIVPRO#025
Legal Definition
(1) Convenience of the parties and witnesses; (2) location of evidence; and (3) where the cause of action arose.
Plain English Explanation
When a court evaluates whether to dismiss a case based on forum non conveniens, it considers several private factors to determine if a different venue would be more convenient and fair for the parties involved. These private factors focus on the practicalities of the case:
(1) Convenience of the parties and witnesses: Courts consider how easy or difficult it will be for both the parties and witnesses to attend the trial. If the current venue creates a significant burden in terms of travel or availability, a more convenient location might be appropriate.
(2) Location of evidence: The court looks at where the physical evidence and documents related to the case are located. If most of the evidence is in another jurisdiction, moving the case to that location can make it easier to gather and present necessary information during the trial.
(3) Where the cause of action arose: Courts prefer to hear cases in the location where the events leading to the lawsuit occurred. This is because it often provides easier access to relevant witnesses, evidence, and local context, making the trial more efficient and connected to the underlying facts.
(1) Convenience of the parties and witnesses: Courts consider how easy or difficult it will be for both the parties and witnesses to attend the trial. If the current venue creates a significant burden in terms of travel or availability, a more convenient location might be appropriate.
(2) Location of evidence: The court looks at where the physical evidence and documents related to the case are located. If most of the evidence is in another jurisdiction, moving the case to that location can make it easier to gather and present necessary information during the trial.
(3) Where the cause of action arose: Courts prefer to hear cases in the location where the events leading to the lawsuit occurred. This is because it often provides easier access to relevant witnesses, evidence, and local context, making the trial more efficient and connected to the underlying facts.
Hypothetical
Hypo 1: Bob, a resident of California, owns an airplane manufacturing facility in California. He ships airplanes around the world. One day, one of Bob's airplanes is involved in a crash in Scotland involving Scottish citizens. The survivors and victims of the crash bring a suit against Bob in a California federal court. Result: Bob would likely be successful in invoking forum non conveniens because it doesn't make sense to hear the case in a California federal court even though jurisdiction is proper. Bob would argue that this case involves Scottish citizens, flying in Scottish airplanes, who experienced a crash within Scottish territory. The evidence of the crash is in Scotland, as is the evidence of whatever may have caused the crash. Further, the witnesses are in Scotland, as are the victims and their families. It would be super inefficient to try to hold the trial in California when everything about the case is in Scotland. Moreover, Scotland has an interest in pursuing justice for their citizens, and so it is unfair to deprive their court system of an opportunity to hear the case. On the flip side (and you will often have to argue the other side), the Scottish victims may want to have the case heard in a California federal court because there is an opportunity to have higher damages awarded. Thus, the court will hear these arguments and, in the end, likely grant forum non conveniens, which means that the case is dismissed but the parties are free to pursue it in another court with jurisdiction, like in Scotland. Note: the reason that the court can't transfer the case to Scotland is because Scotland and California are completely different court systems with no ability to transfer a case between them. There's no link between the two systems to move one case from another, so it must be brought again by the plaintiffs, starting over from scratch.
Visual Aids
Related Concepts
How is residence determined?
How may venue be transferred?
In California, when may a court transfer venue?
In California, where is venue proper for cases against corporations, associations, and partnerships?
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In California, where is venue proper for mixed actions?
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