In assessing contract legal remedies, what are consequential damages?

Hypo 1: Bob sells Sam a special machine for Sam's ice cream shop. Bob knows that without this machine, Sam can't make ice cream and will lose money every day. Bob promises to deliver the machine on Monday, but he delivers it on Friday. Because of this delay, Sam loses money from not selling ice cream for four days. Result: Sam can claim consequential damages from Bob for the money he lost, because Bob knew that a delay would cause Sam to lose sales.

Hypo 2: Bob agrees to provide internet service to Sam's online store. Bob knows that if the internet goes down, Sam's store can't make sales. One day, the internet service stops working for 24 hours, causing Sam to lose sales. Result: Sam can claim consequential damages from Bob for the sales he lost during the internet outage, because it was foreseeable that a lack of internet would harm Sam's business. Note, however, that many internet providers have contractual language that either (a) doesn't guarantee any uptime, or (b) doesn't guarantee 100% update for this exact reason.